Религия в мире противоречиво. Запад секуляризуется, Африка и Азия — религиозные. Меньше традиционных деноминаций, больше духовности без религии. Портрет глобального религиозного ландшафта.
Глобальные данные
- 84% мировых — "религиозные"
- Растёт: Islam, Christianity в Africa
- Снижается: мейнстримные церкви в Europe/USA
- Atheism stable ~7%
- Unaffiliated: 16% (растёт)
Христианство
- 2,4 млрд
- Catholic 1,4 млрд
- Protestant 900 млн
- Orthodox 300 млн
- Other 100 млн
Islam
- 1,9 млрд
- Rastет fastest
- Sunni 85%, Shia 15%
- K 2050: equal to Christianity
Hinduism
- 1,2 млрд
- Mostly India
- Diaspora значительная
- Political в India
Buddhism
- 500 млн
- Asia primarily
- Growing в West как philosophy
- Various traditions
Judaism
- 15 млн
- Israel + diaspora
- Small but influential
- Internal divisions
Secularization
- Western Europe: 30-50% unaffiliated
- USA: 28% unaffiliated (rising)
- Canada, Australia similar
- Russia: complex картина
Россия
- Official: 70% Orthodox
- Actual practice: 5-10% regular
- "Православие как культура"
- Church-state alliance
Russian Orthodox Church
- Patriarch Kirill close to Putin
- Support for war controversial
- Ukrainian split (2018)
- Influence declining with youth
Mormons
- 17 млн members
- Утah base
- Missionary growth
- Political influence USA
Евангелические
- Fast growing христиане
- Latin America, Africa
- Mega-churches USA
- Politically conservative
Африка
- Christianity, Islam growing
- Traditional religions decline
- Pentecostal explosion
- 630 млн Christians
Nigeria
- 45% Muslim, 45% Christian
- Boko Haram terrorism
- Religious conflicts
- Megachurches huge
Latin America
- Catholic historically
- Evangelical growing 20%+
- Brazil, Guatemala
- Political impact
China
- Officially atheist
- Estimates: 100-200 млн religious
- House churches
- CCP regulation
China Christianity
- Could be world's largest
- Persecution cycles
- Underground churches
- State-approved Three-Self
India Hindutva
- Modi government
- Hindu nationalism
- Muslim minority pressure
- Historical revisionism
Sectarian conflict
- Sunni-Shia tensions
- Myanmar Rohingya
- Sri Lanka Buddhists vs others
- Israel-Palestine
Decline мейнстримных
- Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyterian
- Aging congregations
- Church closures
- Anglican Communion divided
Catholic crisis
- Sexual abuse scandals
- Membership decline in West
- Growth in Africa balance
- Francis reforms cautious
LGBTQ+ and religion
- Progressive denominations welcoming
- Conservative resistant
- Schisms result
- Individual believers vary
Women in religion
- Female ordination debates
- Orthodox forbid
- Catholic conservative
- Islam discussions
- Reform Judaism affirms
Spirituality без religion
- "SBNR" (spiritual but not religious)
- Mindfulness popular
- Yoga, meditation
- "Nones" inclusive
New Age
- Crystal healing, astrology
- Tarot
- Mixed with other traditions
- Commercial aspect
Astrology boom
- Gen Z interested
- Apps: Co-Star, Sanctuary
- Not strictly religious
- Entertainment + meaning
QAnon cult
- Online religious-like
- Conspiracy theory
- Political impact US
- Modern phenomenon
Wellness religion
- Peloton as community
- SoulCycle "spiritual"
- Fitness as meaning-source
- Crossover
Mega-church
- Hillsong, Joel Osteen
- Entertainment-style
- Prosperity gospel
- Criticism внутри
Prosperity gospel
- Faith = wealth
- Controversial theology
- African exports
- Trump-adjacent
Religious voting
- Evangelicals US Republican
- Catholic split
- Muslim Democrats
- Orthodox Russia conservative
Missionary work
- Christian missionaries global
- Muslim dawah
- LDS missions
- Cultural interactions complex
Hindu diaspora
- Temples in USA, UK, Europe
- Second generation issues
- Cultural identity
- Political influence
Jewish diaspora
- Israel-focused politics
- Antisemitism rising post-Oct 7
- Identity questions
- Aliyah trickle
Religious violence
- Nigeria Christian-Muslim
- Israel-Palestine
- Sectarian India
- Myanmar Rohingya
- Continues
Atheism movements
- Dawkins era 2000s
- New Atheism
- Declining in visibility
- Online pockets
Interfaith dialogue
- Pope Francis outreach
- Dalai Lama ecumenism
- Local community examples
- Slow progress
Religious education
- State schools mostly secular
- Private religious schools
- Homeschooling growth
- Debates continue
Young people
- Most secular generation
- Spiritual interested though
- Church decline among them
- Но religion still shapes lives
Pope Francis
- 2013+
- Progressive on climate, poverty
- Traditional on abortion, ordination
- Polarizing internally
Dalai Lama
- Aged 89 (2024)
- Succession drama coming
- China wants control
- Tibetan Buddhism future
Russia church in war
- Kirill supports military
- "Holy war" rhetoric
- Other Orthodox distancing
- Ukrainian church split
Future
- Global South religious majority
- West continues secularizing
- Spiritual hunger persists
- New forms emerging
- Old ones adapting or fading
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